Pros And Cons Of Tariffs - 1127 Words

Pros and Cons of Tariffs Principles of Macroeconomics Columbia Southern University BBA-2401 Angelo Jones Managing the how goods and services enter or leave this country (import/export) is an important process that allows for us to control the economic status of our nation. Sometimes imposing tariffs on the goods imported balances our labor cost, resources and government supported industry. A tariff by definition is a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. Economic policy of nations and states, tariffs are tools used to control the flow of goods, services and resources being brought into the country. The overall purpose is to create security for the domestic industry from the imported product. These products can sometimes be less expensive to purchase than the goods being manufactured in the local economy. (McEachern, 2015) The government does this either stimulate or deflate trade with other countries. (Fontinelle, 2012) There are quite a few forms of tariffs that the government may apply based on the condition of the country’s economic welfare. The pros and cons of these forms of tariffs will be reviewed. Discussion on how these tariffs positively or negatively affects the economic stance of the country will be displayed. Tariffs such as the ad valorem, the taxing a percentage of the value of an item and the specific tariff or tax which is a set amount based on weight or sum of items. (McEachern, 2015) The revenue tariffShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Tariffs Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesPresenting the Pros and Cons of Tariffs An important part of managing the economic status of a nation is to manage the methods in which goods and services are imported and exported into and out of the country. Because of differing resources, labor costs, and government support of industry, fiscal policy sometimes includes placing a tariff on imported goods in an attempt to level the economic playing field. â€Å"Tariff† comes originally from the Arabic word ta’rifah meaning â€Å"to make known.† In a moreRead MoreEssay about Jabwood International881 Words   |  4 Pageshave its pros and cons. Pros First year sales are 10% of the target market. Sales growth is estimated at 100 % in two years. There are no restrictions on mobility of funds. Capital can be 100% foreign. Processed wood products are exempted from import taxes. Government Stability is at 61 which means it is not likely for the country to go unstable. Saudi- Arabia is in the Middle East and it also an Islamic country which Jabwood international is familiar with that market. Cons Tariffs on lumberRead MoreSolution For Contemporary Economic Issues Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic globalization. To master these problems, economists adopted two general types of economic theories. The first theory is protectionism, which is a philosophy to protect local markets from foreign competition by putting barriers, such as high tariffs. The second theory is known as trade liberalization. The clue of this theory is to encourage countries to stimulate international trade by reducing restrictions between countries. Today, adopting trade liberalization theory is more practical strategyRead MoreThe Free Trade Agreement Is An Integral Part Of The President s National Export Initiative Goal987 Words   |  4 PagesThe free trade agreement is a pact between two countries or areas in which they both agree to life most or all tariffs, special fees and taxes, and other barriers to trade between the entities. (White, 2015) The main purpose of the free trade agreement is to a llow faster and more businesses between the two countries which is seen to benefit both of them. The United States has free trade agreements with 20 countries. These include 12 bilateral agreements and 2 multilateral agreements. (United StatesRead MoreDiscuss Pros and Cons for Joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership837 Words   |  3 Pages which can lead to long term prosperity for their citizens. In addition to those benefits, many of the tariffs that are enacted in those foreign countries would either be lowered or eliminated, also helping in the process of working towards long term prosperity. Some of the areas of employment that could see these changes most profoundly are the fish and seafood producers. Lowering the tariffs would enable them to have better access to the fish and seafood market in the foreign countries, which isRead MoreInternational Economic Dimensions Of Nutrition Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthe pros and cons of free trade? Food security is defined as when all people at all times have access to safe nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life (FAO 2003). Therefore, the importance of food security is to the general welfare of the population as a public health and nutrition benefit. Free trade can be defined as a market model in which trade in goods and services between or within countries flow unhindered by government-imposed restrictions such as taxes, duties, tariffs, orRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1711 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss four components of the North American Free Trade Agreement: Background, events, pros and cons. Upon the research, you will discover four online articles to provide more detail and examples. This research will indicate how it was developed and the reasoning on why it would benefit the nation. Also, it will provide events that occur after the agreement was signed by congress and the recession the countries experience during the early 2000s. There will be a chart locatedRead MorePros and Cons of the Free Trade Agreements706 Words   |  3 PagesWhile I was on the internet I was researching for the pros and cons of The Free Trade Agreements, and this is what I found: It seems to be a split betwe en the democrats and the republicans. Pros Some believe that the Free trade will increase sales and profit for the US business. I still think this is up in the air. I don’t feel the economy is up, but is it better? They also said that the Free trade will create us jobs for the middle class over a long term, but I also know that there are still a lotRead MorePros and Cons of Nafta Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesPros and cons of NAFTA NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, has been getting a lot of not so favorable, and sometimes, controversial headlines in recent years. Some critics blame it for the current labor shortages in the United States, due to the fact that most U.S. companies have been and continue to outsource and ship jobs overseas. However, its proponents have been hailing it as a great success in helping lowering national prices on certain manufactured goods and services andRead MoreCentral America Free Trade Agreement1242 Words   |  5 Pagesagreement with lower tariffs, but to create a free trade area. CAFTA has been compared to NAFTA in many similarities in the areas that they encompass. Though it is speculated that CAFTA-DR is the stepping-stone to reaching the FTAA. The FTAA will include such countries as all of the South American and Caribbean nations, as well as, North America and Mexico, also excluding Cuba. (wiki) With reaching this agreement between the countries to lower tariffs on US products it removed tariffs on 80% of US exported

Operations Management of Mcdonald’s - 3650 Words

Table of Contents The purpose of this report is to analysis how the Value Chain management of McDonald’s contribute to the success of the business and identify the environmental impacts of McDonald’s operations and the ethical issues of McDonald’s supply chain management. 1. Introduction 1.1 McDonald’s History 1.2 McDonald’s Mission 1.3 McDonalds Values 2. Value Chain 2.1Value chain of McDonald’s Restaurants 2.2 Primary Activities 2.2.1 Inbound Logistics-Low Cost 2.2.2 Operations-Fast Service 2.2.3 The Process 2.2.4 Outbound Logistics-Consistent quality 2.2.5 Greater Value than it worths 2.2.6 Marketing and Sales 2.2.7 Services 2.3 Support Activities 2.3.1 Firm Infrastructure 2.3.2 Environment Friendly 2.3.3 Human†¦show more content†¦Strive continually to improve, aims to anticipate and respond to changing customer, employee and system needs through constant evolution and innovation. 2. Value Chain 2.1 Value chain of McDonald’s Restaurants According to Porter (1985), the value chain model is made up of primary and support activities. The primary activities has 5 components included: Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing Sales and Service. The support activities has 4 components included: Firm infrastructure, Human Resource Management, Technology Development and Procurement. Thus, what are the key activities which influent most to the creation of customer value from the value chain management of McDonald’s Restaurants? According to Collier, Evans (2011) mentioned, low cost and fast service are the core competencies of McDonald. According to Hill, Jones (2012) mentioned, McDonald’s success was grounded in a simple formula that is give the customers value for money, quick service and consistent quality in a clean environment. From the above, we learnt that low cost, fast service, value for money and consistent quality are the key activities contribute more strongly to the creation of customer value. 2.2 Primary Activities 2.2.1 Inbound Logistics Low cost McDonald’s purchases ingredients from its fixed global suppliers only, therefore by increasing capital and labor, their production will increase proportionately. Low food cost, with the global supplyShow MoreRelatedOperations Management at McDonalds2472 Words   |  10 PagesOperations Management at McDonalds: McDonalds Corporation is renowned across the globe as the leading and largest chain of fast-food restaurants. Since its inception in the 1940s by siblings Mac and Dick McDonald, the firm has continued to grow and develop to its current state. The corporation has adopted a number of operations that are linked to its overall strategy in all its restaurants across the globe. One of the major factors that have contributed to its success in the global fast foodsRead MoreMcdonalds Production and Operations Management1038 Words   |  5 PagesMcdonald’s Use of Teams in Production and Operations Management Introduction Strategies are important for all businesses, regardless of the products or services that they offer. Through strategic management and operations, companies are able to integrate new and effective means of running their respective businesses. In turn, these strategies results in an increased profit of sales, stable market position and greater levels of customer loyalty. In the fast food industry, businesses such asRead MoreOperation Management and Productivity at McDonalds1004 Words   |  4 Pagesthe effective management of operations in any given firm cannot be overstated. In basic terms, operations management can be said to be that process in which inputs are transformed into outputs in an efficient way with an aim of satisfying consumers. With that in mind, operations management as a management function can be said to be the core of any given business. In this text, I concern myself with the nature of operations management and productivity with a special emphasis on McDonalds Cor porationRead MoreMcDonalds Production and Operations Management902 Words   |  4 PagesMcDonalds Production or Operations Management: Total Quality Management (TQM) is a combination of fourteen principles that were developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming for production and operations management. One of these major principles is the need to work in teams through breaking down barriers between staff and department areas. The use of teams in production and operations management requires workers in different areas like maintenance, leasing, and administration must work in teams to deal withRead MoreMcdonalds Operations Management Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesand time in the operation management department of the business. This report will focus on the business, McDonald’s and what practices they have put in place to ensure that they are producing their products efficiently and sustainably. The business will also be compared and contrasted alongside the American fast-food restaurant chain famous for its fried chicken, providing recommendations on how McDonald’s could further improve their business in the ar ea of waste and time management.  Business BackgroundRead MoreAnalysis of McDonalds Operation Management606 Words   |  2 PagesMcDonalds Operations Management: McDonalds Corporation had developed to become the leading fast-food chain of restaurants since its inception to the extent that it serves more than 47 million customers across the globe on a daily basis. The corporation is the largest global food-service retailer since it has over 30,000 local restaurants that serve approximately 52 million people in over 100 countries every day. One of the critical factors attributed to the success of McDonalds global businessRead MoreScientific Management in Mcdonalds Operation1820 Words   |  8 Pagesabout scientific management in McDonald’s operation, I believe the largest fast food McDonald’s is the most successful model on scientific management. Scientific management is a branch of classical approach; Taylor said scientific management is standardisation which means people in organization should be uniformed by company rules or policy which are some written documents. Scientific management is a very important part in management a rea, since look at the history of management. People are livingRead MoreOperations Management - Planning Control in Mcdonalds Essay2386 Words   |  10 PagesOperations Management amp; Decision Making – Planning And Control Assignment The organisation I have chosen to examine from an operations management and decision making standpoint is McDonald’s, a worldwide chain of fast food restaurants, which are run either by a franchise, an affiliate or by the corporation itself. There are over 31,000 branches of McDonald’s worldwide1. It is estimated these restaurants serve a collective 47 million customers daily2. The restaurants mainly sell customers traditionalRead MoreOperations Management: McDonalds Supply Chain737 Words   |  3 Pagesto ensure quality and increased efficiency will help to ensure costs are controlled. In some cases the company may make loans or even take equity in upstream suppliers. A good example of supply chain collaboration was seen when the firm started operations in India. There were no local suppliers growing iceberg lettuces, the company worked with some supplier to create a year round supply, aiding with seeds, equipment and relevant agricultural knowledge. The tier 2 suppliers originate the inputsRead MoreEssay about Operations Management: McDonalds Competitive Advantage3016 Words   |  13 PagesAbout McDonald’s 4 Process of McDonalds 4 Operations management 5 Operations managers 5 Operation strategy of McDonald’s 5 Pricing strategies of McDonalds 6 Innovation at McDonalds to improve operations and services 7 Inventory management 8 The Just-in-Time (JIT) Approach 9 Just- in-Time (JIT) Approach in McDonald’s 9 Advantages and benefits of JIT approach 10 Capacity management 11 Capacity strategies 11 McDonalds capacity strategy 11 Quality management 12 Quality management strategies

Project Management Professional A Deluxe -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Management Professional A Deluxe? Answer: Introduction This report depicts the importance of developing proper project initiation, planning and execution plan so that any project could be implemented within the estimated budget and cost as well. The purpose of the report is to develop the project initiation, planning and execution details. However, the main purpose is to develop a proper project initiation, planning and execution plan for Jeff and Kelly so that could implement their shifting plan successfully within estimated time phase. The date of Jeffs joining was decided to be 5th February thus they have to shift to their new flat before 5th February. They have decided to complete their entire shifting within 28th January. In order to accomplish the shifting project the project head should divide the activities according to the project requirement. The phases those are needed to be maintained by the project manager include project initiation, planning and execution. In the initial phase Jeff and Kelly have decided certain activities, however in order to accomplish the entire shifting it is necessary to modify some of the activities. The need for project schedule changes and the updated or revised milestone are also elaborated in this report. The project status detailing completion slips and delays From the project background the details of dates and time span, needed to commence and complete the entire shifting project, are estimated easily by the project head. With the help of the project schedule the project manager will be able to complete the shifting within estimated time and cost. Jeff has to report to the new job designation on 5th February,2018 and thus they have to complete the entire shifting before 27th January though they have time for shifting up to 4th February, 2018. They have to vacate their existing house within 20th January and thus Jeff and Kelly have to stay in a hotel room for the rest of the days up to 5th February, 2018 as they do not have any relative in Sunshine Coast. For this particular project the phases those have been considered include Shifting initiation In the project shifting initiation phase, Jeff and Kelly are needed to consider all the process and procedures accurately. Based on the changes project activity dates and time span are needed to be measured by the project manager so that the project could be completed within the estimated budget and time as well. They have to shift to Perth with two children and their dog. They have to talk to the transport company (both the movers and packers) so that they could easily transfer their vehicles to the new place. They have hired the transportation company to move their vehicles according to the requirement. The transportation company is responsible to move two of their cars to the new place with proper security. Planning for shifting and packing In this particular phase the project head is needed to plan for the relevant shifting and packing processes. In order to accomplish the entire shifting proper time schedule and budget is needed to be estimated by the project head. For shifting the cars and large furniture securely without any damage proper packing is also needed to be done by the project manager. Project preparation The considered background scenario of the project is about the room shifting of Kelly and Jeff with their two children and dog from sunshine coast to Perth. Mainly the shifting is required to be done by Jeff due to the promotion as a marketing director interstate. In this phase, proper budget and time schedule are also required to be estimated by the Kelly and Jeff. Implementation of shifting plan In order to implement the shifting plan Jeff and Kelly are needed to consider all the necessary activities. Even the already planned activities should also be modified according to the project needs. Project closure In the project closure phase, Jeff and Kelly are needed to understand each of the activities associated to the project. It would help them to enhance the safety, functionality and economy altogether. Implication of the project changes Before implementation of house shifting project proper packers and movers are needed to be hired by Kelly and Jeff. Among these different activities, some activities are modified in the current room shifting project. The project activities are implemented for the house shifting project so that they could obtain the followings: To reduce the rate of failure To eliminate confusion To make the changes faster To implement the changes accordingly Changes incorporate to the project schedule In order to complete the project implication of different changes are needed to be implemented by Kelly and Jeff. It is their responsibility to accomplish the task within estimated time and budget as well. The modified activity list and responsible person are as follows: Gantt chart WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names 1 Project initiation 28 days Mon 2/12/18 Wed 3/21/18 1.1 Estimation of time for house shifting 8 days Mon 2/12/18 Wed 2/21/18 Jeff 1.2 Budget estimation 4 days Thu 2/22/18 Tue 2/27/18 2 Kelly 1.3 Project planning 6 days Wed 2/28/18 Wed 3/7/18 3 both Kelly and Jeff 1.4 List of items to be shifted 3 days Thu 3/8/18 Mon 3/12/18 4 Jeff 1.5 Hiring transportation company 7 days Tue 3/13/18 Wed 3/21/18 5 Jeff 2 Planning for packing furniture 9 days Tue 3/13/18 Fri 3/23/18 2.1 Planning for packing cars 2 days Tue 3/13/18 Wed 3/14/18 5 both Kelly and Jeff 2.2 Hotel booking 4 days Thu 3/15/18 Tue 3/20/18 8 both Kelly and Jeff 2.3 Elimination of unwanted stuffs 2 days Wed 3/21/18 Thu 3/22/18 9 Kelly 2.4 Payment approach development 3 days Wed 3/21/18 Fri 3/23/18 9 both Kelly and Jeff 3 Project preparation 19 days Fri 3/23/18 Wed 4/18/18 3.1 Labeling the important item to avoid loss and damage 4 days Fri 3/23/18 Wed 3/28/18 10 Jeff 3.2 Application drafting 5 days Thu 3/29/18 Wed 4/4/18 13 Jeff 3.3 Pending utility clearances 3 days Thu 3/29/18 Mon 4/2/18 11,13 Kelly 3.4 Shifting project implementation 4 days Thu 4/5/18 Tue 4/10/18 14 Jeff 3.5 Utility subscription cancelation 6 days Tue 4/3/18 Tue 4/10/18 15 both Kelly and Jeff 3.6 House cleaning 4 days Wed 4/11/18 Mon 4/16/18 16 Jeff 3.7 Partial payment 2 days Wed 4/11/18 Thu 4/12/18 16 both Kelly and Jeff 3.8 Cars transport 3 days Wed 4/11/18 Fri 4/13/18 16,17 Kelly 3.9 Payment completion 2 days Tue 4/17/18 Wed 4/18/18 18 Jeff 4 Project closure 4 days Thu 4/19/18 Tue 4/24/18 4.1 Final date considerate for complete shifting 2 days Thu 4/19/18 Fri 4/20/18 21 both Kelly and Jeff 4.2 End of shifting 2 days Mon 4/23/18 Tue 4/24/18 23 both Kelly and Jeff Personal reflection on the process I have realized that the time estimated for the house shifting is very limited and within that limited time phase it is difficult to accomplish the entire task securely. Before planning and implementing the project the project activities are needed to be understood accurately by Kelly and Jeff. For this particular project triple project constraints have been selected including time, budget and scope. They should leave their current house within 20th January and must complete the shift within 27th January. On the other hand the total budget estimated for the project is $5000. I have also learned that, based on the project budget, some of the project activities are needed to be modified rather should be done simultaneously. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, in order to accomplish the shifting project it is necessary for the project head to consider three basic project phases in terms of initiation, planning and execution. For this particular shifting Jeff and Kelly both are responsible to develop the project schedule and activities. It is expected that, if all of these steps are maintained accurately by both Jeff and Kelly, then the project will be completed within estimated time and project budget as well. As Jeff is currently posted as a marketing director thus they have to change their current location. After detailing the project report, the completion, slips and delay details are also elaborated accurately. The reasons for which the changes are found to be necessary to implemented are also elaborated in this report. Apart from this, the details of adjustment, incorporated to the project schedule and need for the modification are demonstrated in this report. From the entire proje ct discussion it has been found that, if all of these aspects are followed accurately by the project manager, then the project will be completed within estimated budget and cost as well. References Alzahrani, J.I. and Emsley, M.W., 2013. The impact of contractors attributes on construction project success: A post construction evaluation.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.313-322. Batselier, J. and Vanhoucke, M., 2015. Construction and evaluation framework for a real-life project database.International Journal of Project Management,33(3), pp.697-710. Bryde, D., Broquetas, M. and Volm, J.M., 2013. The project benefits of building information modelling (BIM).International journal of project management,31(7), pp.971-980. Chen, L. and Luo, H., 2014. A BIM-based construction quality management model and its applications.Automation in construction,46, pp.64-73. Dallasega, P., Frosolini, E. and Matt, D.T., 2016. An approach supporting Real-Time Project Management in Plant Building and the Construction Industry.Proceedings of the XXI Summer School Francesco Turco, Naples, Italy, pp.13-15. Deng, X., Pheng, L.S. and Zhao, X., 2014. Project system vulnerability to political risks in international construction projects: The case of Chinese contractors. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.20-33. Eadie, R., Browne, M., Odeyinka, H., McKeown, C. and McNiff, S., 2013. BIM implementation throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis.Automation in Construction,36, pp.145-151. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Heldman, K., 2015.PMP project management professional exam deluxe study guide: updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Hu, Y., Chan, A.P., Le, Y. and Jin, R.Z., 2013. From construction megaproject management to complex project management: Bibliographic analysis.Journal of management in engineering,31(4), p.04014052. Hughes, W., Champion, R. and Murdoch, J., 2015.Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge. Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), pp.31-42.

Legacy From The Middle Ages Essays - Education, Crafts, Guild

Legacy from the Middle ages Many cultural advancements were made during the Dark Ages which lasted between 500AD and 1000AD. Culture can be divided into five distinct categories such as religion/philosophy, government, science, art/architecture and language/literature. During the Middle ages, there was a great advancement in theology and many of todays finest universities were built such as the Oxford University and some others in Paris and Rome. In the early 20th century, many other universities were built using the First universities as a base. Oxford University still exists, as one of the most respected school in the world. There were also a lot of religious conflicts mainly between Muslims and Christians over the possession of Constantinople. Although the crusades were overall a failure, historians believe that is was the most important failure in history as it broke off Feudalism and changed peoples thinking. In government, there was a significant change when in 1215, Magna Carta was signed, stating that not even the King is above the law. This period of time can also be seen as the beginning of true representative government which almost every system of government is based upon today. Guilds were also established in this period. They were groups of people with the same skills. They met to control the economy by changing the price, quantity and quality. There are more of these guilds today, as different associations which control the price of raw materials. The guilds in the Dark ages gave more power to ordinary workers and helped the representative government. Although not many scientific discoveries were made during the Middle ages, the study of alchemy helped later scientist to find scientific facts about each element and its usage. In architecture the Romanesque style was perfected through churches, which was later dominated by the Gothic style, which became the international mode of building in the future. In paintings, more detail was given to the emotional side and to nature. Reading and writing became a very common skill as for the first time in the vernacular languages, written work was made public for leisure. Many writings dealt with the complexity of life and with romance. A lot of the cultural advancements established during the Middle ages can be seen today, often as the base of our culture. Many things changed during the Dark ages and that is why it is considered one of the most important period of time in History

Principles of Scientific Management Essays

Principles of Scientific Management Essays Principles of Scientific Management Paper Principles of Scientific Management Paper Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 1915), is said to be the father of scientific management. Taylors theories on efficient management emerged in a late 19th century/early 20th Century context when industries were experiencing rapid growth in both size and complexity. His concepts form the basis of modern management as we know it today. This essay will examine fundamental aspects of the Scientific Management movement, and will look at how these key ideas are implemented in the modern day context of a 21st Century organisation. The company I have chosen is Vodafone, a global firm with an operation in NZ. More specifically, I will be looking at the Vodafone Call Centre and its management practices. Key aspects I will cover include Taylors scientific research, designed to discover the most efficient one best way of working, and how this aligns with Vodafones means of establishing the best practice benchmark. I will discuss Taylors scientific selection and training method and Vodafones application of this approach. Other aspects such as the role of the manager, employee motivation and employee satisfaction within Vodafone will be covered, with close reference to the ideas of Taylorism. The conclusion will summarize my observations. Scientific research is the starting block of Taylors Scientific Management theory. In order to achieve Taylors principle objective of maximising prosperity for both the employer and employee (Allen, et al. 2002), extensive research must be carried out to discover the best method and most reasonable time the task should be allocated, the one best way. The most efficient worker in the company was selected, and then examined on task. All of his unnecessary movements were eliminated until the fastest rate of task completion was achieved. This technique is called time/motion study and was developed by both Taylor and Gilbreth (Wren, 1998). Through this scientific research, the First Class Man standard was established, to which all other workers were expected to meet on a daily basis (Allen, et al. 2003). At Vodafone, similar research is conducted by management to establish Best Practice. Information is sourced from Vodafone international and also from external companies with comparative roles. Hired consultants also provide research services to Vodafones call centre. From this information, customer statistics are derived, call cycles planned, and best practice (the Customer Service Representative [CSR] benchmark) is established. For example, multiple phone calls are timed and listened in on, and conclusions are then drawn by management as to which approaches and methods are most effective for the CSRs to use, relevant to different customer needs and personalities. One conclusion that has been drawn from this scientific research is that the time allowance of phone calls should be on average 4 min 10 sec. Best practice in the call centre is defined by four Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). First call resolution means resolving a customers issue in the first phone call, avoiding passing them around or having to call them back. The second KPI is Quality. CSRs phone calls are randomly listened in on by the manager who assesses performance. Next Best Activity refers to value adding. CSRs need to look up the customers profile and sell to them depending on their cellphone habits (for example, whether the customer texts or makes calls). The last KPI is retention, where managers analyse how well a CSR managers to retain a disgruntled customer. Taking into account Taylors research, the next step was to scientifically select, train and develop the most suitable workers for the respective task, rather than leaving the employee to autonomously adapt to their role (Melman, 2001). According to Taylor, everyone had the potential to perform at the first class standard for some job. It is the task of management to identify the most suitable job for each individual, and train them in that position (Allen, et al. 2002). At Vodafone, there is an entire management team solely devoted to training CSRs for call centre work. Their role includes running a 6 week induction training period of employees, including teaching the technology, sales plans, how to deal with difficult customers, how to engage customers and so on. They are trained to meet the benchmark established through Taylors research process. Part of the managers role is also to up skill existing employees based on their performance reviews. A 5-point rating scheme is used to assess performance, with one being a poor performer and five being outstanding. Taylors Scientific Management method requires managers to work closely with workers, developing and encouraging, as well as to evaluate their potential within their role. The manager must maximise a workers proficiency in their job, or failing this, must find the worker a better suited role within the company (Allen, et al. 2003). The managers role involves instruction cards, rosters, timekeeping and reporting. Workers productivity can then be analysed and compared, with high and low performers subsequently rewarded or punished (Melman, 2001). Vodafone call centre managers implement this method through daily, weekly and monthly reports. The Daily Dashboard includes and snapshot of the previous days KPI results, while weekly and monthly employee reports are more comprehensive, analysing performance, sick and annual leave figures, employee turnover and total quality results. If an employee is falling below 3 points in performance rating, the call centre manager will adopt Taylors approach, identifying the problems and fixing them in a process called performance managing. If the employee possesses good skills but is in the wrong job, secondments are offered, meaning the employee can be placed in another role for a fixed time to see how he/she operates in that role (for example, a telemarketer can work for three months in the faults service section). The Taylorist approach involves a distinct separation between the organisational structure, routine-technical planning, inspections and all other clerical work, and the labour itself. There is an equal share of work and responsibility given to manager and the labourer. While managers strategise and plan, workers actually perform the tasks (Allen, et al. 2002). Vodafone adopts this principle, and have numerous management teams who deal to different aspects of the company while the CSRs work on the phones. For example, management teams for training, forecasting customer activity, for statistics and research, development and employee satisfaction. Taylors primary method of motivation was monetary incentives. He claims that Scientific Management cannot work unless there are benefits for the worker. Tasks should be arranged in such a way that if a worker produces more, he can get paid more (Gabor, 2000). Additionally, rewards must be issued without delay, so the worker receives instant gratification and can tangibly measure the personal benefits of his labour (Taylor, 1967). Vodafone works on a pay-by-performance scheme, and salaries are increased or decreased at an annual review, depending on the individual workers quality performance record. Scholarships and international placements are among some of the rewards offered. However, in contrast to Taylors theory, Vodafone believes job satisfaction and alignment with the companys values are also important factors in achieving hard-working employees. Taylor proposed the concept of functional foremen, managers who defied the traditional military-style supervision of firms in his day. These managers did not have disciplinary power, so that their role meant supervision over some aspect of work, not the person. Disciplinary issues were left to a disciplinary committee, and managers were freed to focus on production and quality control (Clegg, S. Kornberger, M. Pitsus, T. , 2005). The Vodafone call center has a straightforward process of dealing with discipline. Minor incidents are dealt with by a call center manager, while more serious problems may be brought before the cue management team. A call centre manager has a span of control of eight CSRs, and as a values-based organisation, good will and equality is encouraged between worker and manager, so the nee d for discipline is ideally avoided altogether. Taylor incentivized suggestion schemes to encourage employees to give input on improvements they felt needed to be made. Employees should be given the full credit for the improvement and should be paid a cash premium as a reward for his ingenuity (Allen, et al. 2003, pg 107). Vodafones intranet has a staff Blog, where employees can keep up to date with what is happening in the managerial level of the company, and they are invited to give feedback or suggestions. Employees are praised for innovative suggestions and displays of initiative, and are rewarded with anything from free phones to an all expenses paid trip in the Asia/Pacific region, depending on their KPIs and annual performance reviews. The operation of the Vodafone call centre adopts many fundamental aspects of Scientific Management. Evidence of Taylors methods can be found throughout the organisation, in researching, selection and distribution of employees, call centre induction training programs and performance management programs. Management teams are put in place to scientifically monitor individual employees quality performance rates, customer service skills and job suitability. Taylors methods of motivating workers are evident in Vodafones incentive schemes and reward packages. Vodafone have implemented modern management styles into their operation to include a more humanistic approach, but as this essay has outlined, the basic principles of Taylors Scientific Management are still clearly evident in the framework of their organisation.

Bergner Construction Case Essays

Bergner Construction Case Essays Bergner Construction Case Essay Bergner Construction Case Essay Discuss the Company: * Located in Cleveland, Ohio * Mechanical contracting business, specializing in specialty construction projects in food and beverage manufacturing facilities. * â€Å"Custom-built† contractor, using primary stainless steel to build the vessels and piping necessary for assembly lines in food beverage processing. * They work on a project-by-project basis, for which it provides engineering design and construction expertise to its clients. * Required relatively little, complex specialized production equipment , and most inventory was associated with specific job in progress * Thinly capitalized (equity less than debt) History: * The company was incorporates in 1982 by president John Bergner * He did business with FirstOhio Bank of Cleveland, where his account was handled by Peter Davis and a good relationship was kept between them for five years from 1982 till 1987 * In December 1987, Mr. Davis accepted a new position at Westside National Bank. Located in Cleveland * Therefore, a new loan officer was appointed for the company in January 1988 Present Position: Bergner Construction Company had recorded a small net operating profit of $13,088 (net income of 16502) in 1987 * During the first four months of 1988, the company’s completed jobs slumped, leading to a loss of $53,556 (net loss of 47682) due to problems encountered on one project, for which a former estimator had underestimate a construction cost. (If no single project is excessively dominant, then a loss on one does not imply that the firm’s profit potential would be significantly affected). * The company enjoyed a sales growt h rate of 23 percent over the past 2 years, and projected sales by the end of 1988 were $1. million Management of the company: * The company’s president: John Bergner was 40 years of age. * He had a degree in mechanical engineering from Ohio State University. * Bergner began his career as a foreman for a large construction company that manufactured specialty food and beverage facilities. He formed his own company, which was incorporated in 1982 Operations of the company: * Bergner construction company had limited its operations to the Midwestern market, generally within a 500-mile radius of Cleveland * Mr. Bergner had always been anxious to expand his business, and specially to search for contracts in other part of the country to achieve greater geographical diversification. The case: * Bergner had successfully bid for a renovation project at Pepsi-Cola bottling plant in Boulder, Colorado in April 1988 * Increase line of credit from $100,000 to $250,000 to finance a large construction project that his company had just been awarded to cover his losses. * But the new loan officer of FirstOhion bank refused the request so he wanted to transfer his account to Westside National, where he hoped his business would continue to be handled by Mr. Davis. * Mr. Davis recommended John Bergner’s company at the bank’s loan committee, stressing his honesty and positive business attitude. * He was prepared to approve a loan because of his honesty even if the client’s financial statements might be considered somewhat weak. * So Mr. Davis had a meeting with the Loan Review Committee and requested the following: 1. The sum of $100,000, which would be CD secured, the proceeds of which would be used to pay off Bergner’s outstanding debt at FirstOhio bank. ( he must not take loan to repay another loaN OR a loss) 2. A $250,000 revolving line of credits to be secured by accounts receivable and inventory (replacing an existing line of $100,000 at FirstOhio). The company’s inventory consisted mainly of work in progress and raw materials. (Inventory mostly work in process so it can’t be used as collateral, but with regards to A/R it can be used as collateral due to its large amount BUT if 250000 was used as collateral he would not be able to pay-off his A/P) 3. A total of $128,000 in various equipment loans. These loans were secured by filings on various pieces of equipment, such as trucks, cars, forklifts, air compressors, and other tools. These loans were already approved and funded at FirstOhio. The loans and related security arrangements would also be moved, but this represented no increase in balances outstanding on this equipment. In most cases, the bank financed 100 percent of the original cost of equipment purchased. * By expanding his business, it would represent the largest single construction project that his company had ever undertaken ($400,000), and he projected a 15 percent pretax profit of 60000 as part of his winning bid. Its successful completion would, he hoped, improve prospects for future profitability.

The advantages and disadvantages of federal government Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of federal government - Essay Example hout waiting for the endorsement of the central government however, several other matters are decided by the states and the regional governments have to follow the same rules and regulations1. Federal governance system has evolved as one of the common and popular form of government across the world. At present, there are several countries of different region of the world that are following the federal government structure including USA, Canada, Australia, India, Brazil, Mexico and Pakistan2. For many other countries like Sri Lanka and Philippines where federalism is not in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of federal government is an important area of concern because any potential changes in the national governing set of these countries heavily depends upon the fact that how these countries views the pros and cons of federalism3. Some important advantages and disadvantages of federal government are discussed below It has been widely accepted that the federal governance system has several important advantages as compared with other system of governance like unitary and confederate government. Some of these are described below In the federal governance system all the provinces use to have the political, social and economic problems peculiar to their own region. The provincial governments are thus enabled to specifically concentrate towards the resolution of the issues and problems evolved within their area of authority. The representatives of the provincial government also line is close proximity to the people of their province and most of the times the representatives also belong to the same communities that constitute that province. In this way, they tend to have better and in depth understanding of the matters and problems of the people of their province that allows them offering unique and targeted solutions for the problems of their province4. The provincial governments usually encounter several matters at local basis like traffic management. There

Persuation paper regarding Family Therapy in school setting Essay

Persuation paper regarding Family Therapy in school setting - Essay Example Also, student needs are being met by career counselors and nurses, so it would be a good idea to have family therapy added. Family therapy would help families stay together. There are many problems that families have that students have to deal with on a daily basis. When they come to school they may be tired, upset, or angry and they have no where to go to talk about their feelings. A family therapy program could help them by allowing them to talk about their feelings. The therapist could then bring the entire family in during school hours and everyone would be helped. Although many parents would have to work during school hours, they may be able to get off for an hour or two in order to do therapy. Family therapy would be free in school. Many families do not have money to go t a therapist in the community and some people do not have insurance that will pay for them to go. By having a family therapy program in school, the cost could be paid for through a grant or other educational fu nd. There might also be people in the community who would contribute to the program. When there is a problem with a student and there is no place in school for them to go, they have to find someone outside of school to help them. If they do not have the resources to find someone, they do not get the help they need. A family therapy program would accomplish two things in this situation: The first thing it would do is help them have a therapist they already know. During the school day, a family therapist could get to know students and begin to understand their problems. The second thing that this would accomplish is that it would give parents a person who already knew their child from school. Bothe the parents and the child would have a therapist they were already comfortable seeing. Some parents might be afraid to go to family counseling because they would feel they would not want to have the school know their family business. However, if their child was having problems in school, th ey should be encouraged to help their child in any situation. Some parents might feel that going to a therapist means they are mentally ill or that people would think they were crazy. A family therapy program could encourage parents to come in for events that were geared just for them. As an example, a tea or a luncheon to tell parents about the program would be an ideal way for them to get to know more about the family therapy program. The therapist and the principal could make sure that all students take home information about the counseling program that would encourage parents to come to these events or stop in if they needed to talk to someone. Many schools have school psychologists but they are not the same as a therapist. The school psychologists usually do a lot of testing and they do not really do counseling. The therapist would be able to be the one to do the counseling and they may also get some ideas from the psychologist about what issues students need to address in thei r studies. Some of the issues that a counselor could help students with would include: adjustment to school, adjustment to divorce, any abuse issues that might happen at home, alcohol or drug abuse, and peer pressure. These are just some of the issues a skilled counselor could help with and by talking about these issues students may be able to do better in school. Counselors could also do group counseling. There would be students who have the same issues and they could come together as a group and talk about their problems. Maybe

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example for Free

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Throughout life, people are faced with many obstacles, but one of the main things for people to do is adapt to the obstacles and learn how to move through and around them. Individuals have to change in order to adapt to the life around them, but there are times when it is too difficult for some to change. Some may experience immense trauma and find it difficult to move on from things whilst others find it hard to come to terms with new life. No matter what people are forced to do things that they may not want to do, but they have to choose whether to adapt to these changes, or suffer the consequences. Being able to adapt in life is an important skill as people are faced with having to change daily. However, some individuals do not have the skills required to adapt, or they have been through traumatic experiences that inhibit that ability to adapt. Shoba and Shukumar in the story â€Å"A Temporary Matter† are faced with a horrific ordeal which forces them to adapt to new life, this however, does not turn out the way they had planned and they eventually split up from not being able to fully adapt and accept the changes â€Å"they’d been through enough† and Shoba â€Å"needed some time alone†, their relationship eventually dissolves. A similar thing happened to Mrs Sen in â€Å"Mrs Sen’s. † She was forced to adapt to a new country and learn their way of life, this although, proves to be too difficult for Mrs Sen as she was unable to successfully learn how to drive â€Å"I hate it. I hate driving. I won’t go on. † Mrs Sen just ends up frustrated and defeated. Her main challenge was her inability to adapt to a new culture as she was living in her past, constantly trying to mix the two cultures together. This turns out unsuccessful as well as she finds people in her new home, treat her as if she was strange, â€Å"an old woman on the bus kept watching them† the people around Mrs Sen felt uncomfortable at times which made it even more difficult for Mrs Sen to adapt and change to the new community and life around her. Mrs Sen chooses to retreat into her past, something that she is comfortable and familiar with, â€Å"she pulled the blade out of the cupboard, spread newspapers across the carpet, and inspected her treasures. † The fish to her is safe and brings her back to ‘better times’ in her life, when she was happy. In some ways, people are better at some things than others, adaptability is one. In â€Å"This Blessed House† Sanjeev had to adapt to the situation he was faced with; either taking away the religious icons and upsetting his wife, or putting up with them, just so he could please her. Although Sanjeev was able to accept Twinkles fascination with the icons in the end and let her indulge herself with keeping them around the house â€Å"for the rest of their days together she would keep it on the mantel†, he had a hard time coming to terms with it. People tend to struggle with new challenges, but some are able to overcome that struggle, such as Sanjeev. This idea is also borne out by â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† as the narrator in the story struggles with the changes in his life when he first moves, but he eventually learns a routine and adapts choosing to use the same pattern over and over again as it becomes safe and familiar, he ate â€Å"cornflakes and milk, morning and night† which was easy for him. When moving into Mrs Croft’s house, he had to adapt again, learning her environment and how things worked in her house, â€Å"fasten the chain and firmly press that button on the knob! This is the first thing you will do when you enter. † He not only had to adapt to his external environment but his internal environment as well. Mrs Croft would always expect the same from him whenever they spoke, always waiting for him to respond with â€Å"Splendid! † after her remarks. An ongoing quality for the narrator in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is that he had to adapt to many things, including an arranged marriage. He had to adapt to a new person coming into his life and living with him for the rest of his life. This was substantiated to be difficult at first, but soon grew on him â€Å"for the first time, we looked at each other and smiled†, he welcomed her company in the end and truly loved her. If he was unable to adapt, this would not be the case. In a similar way, Miranda had many obstacles to adapt to as well. She was challenged when starting a relationship with Dev, as she had never had a physical relationship with a married man before. She struggles with this for a little while when his wife comes back, as it seems wrong when then wife is home, but she learns to adapt to not being able to go out with Dev and only being able to stay inside with him from fear of his wife seeing them. But, in the end Miranda had to adapt to a life without Dev. We are left with the thought that she is ble to move on and change into a better person as she â€Å"walked past the restaurants where Dev had kissed her,† and gazed at the â€Å"clear-blue sky,† proving to us the she has moved on from a life with Dev. In most people’s realities, they are able to pick themselves up and adapt to new changes, but there are also those rare people who struggle to do just that and it is too difficult to try and change. These people are forced to deal with other challenges in their life that they will e ventually learn to overcome. In Lahiri’s stories, she shows us that in order to succeed individuals need to be adaptable.

5 Major Perspectives in Psychology :: Psychology Perspective essays research papers

The five major theoretical perspectives in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural perspectives. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior through different techniques and through looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different approaches, each perspective form their own assumptions and explanations. Some perspectives are widely accepted while others struggle for acceptance. Biological perspective "The premise behind the biological perspective in psychology is that all actions, feelings, and thoughts are associated with bodily events." Biological psychologists examine how all of the electrical impulses, hormones, and chemicals flowing through the body can effect behavior and how changes to these bodily functions can change behavior. They are concerned with how the aspects of biology effect peoples' emotions, learning abilities, and their perception of events. One of the major theories of biological psychology is that "We cannot know ourselves if we do not know our bodies." Through application of this theory, biological psychologists strive to understand the relationship between the mind and body and they influence sickness or health. It is believed that poor health can lead to negative attitudes while poor attitudes can lead to poor health. Biological psychologists research and study the correlation of this theory in an attempt to help solve some mental and emotional problems. Learning Perspective The writings and findings of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner have done much for the advancement of modern psychology. Many of the important findings in psychology from their theory of behaviorism, later evolving into the social-learning theory or cognitive social-learning theory. Proponents of the learning perspective think that mentalism should be abandoned for behaviorism. Psychologists should concentrate on observation and direct measurement rather focusing on introspection. Behaviorists believed that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. The basic concept was that positive responses would be triggered by good stimuli while negative responses would could from bad stimuli. Actions that would produce positive results tended to repeated, while those that led to negative results tended to be avoided. This concept led to a broadening of psychology. Many groups that were often overlooked by psychologists were being discovered and observed. Behavior became the dominant school of psychology in the U.S. until the 1960's. Adversaries to this approach were repulsed by the concept that humans did not think or feel, but only thought that they did. Nonbehaviorists and behaviorists parted company. Behaviorists believed that feelings could not explain behavior.

Teachers of Today †Who They Are and What They Need to Know

Assignment 2 – Paper – Teachers of Today – who they are and what they need to know Word count (2,382): Final Word count (2,264): INTRODUCTION Exciting, and rewarding are just some characteristics that explain teaching. Overcoming anxiety and nerves in the first year is our greatest challenge. Moving into the classroom for the first time can be a daunting and challenging experience for everyone. You are required to immediately equip four years of knowledge into your teaching and classroom management. While this may seem to be a difficult time, it will only get easier. There are many rewards with being a teacher, however it is important to note that it is not a role to be taken lightly – it is a difficult role to fill. As teachers, we need to understand that every child will learn differently. No matter their culture, gender or socioeconomic status, so as teachers you have to encourage and have a level field in your classrooms. You have to know how to reach each student. As teachers you need to let the students know that they don’t have to follow the stereotyped roles of society. The teachers of 2010 and beyond will face many challenges that we are currently unaware of. What we can do to prepare for those challenges is look at where things may be headed in terms of technology and population and cultural diversity. PROFESSIONALISM & TECHNOLOGY â€Å"A professional doesn’t view his or her profession as a just a job, but rather sees it as a calling that is all about caring for children† – Kramer, 2003, p. 23 As an independent Australian Comics publisher (and short film producer), professionalism is what helps us stand out from the crowd. Look and presentation is vital,  we have to stick to various guidelines depending on your audience and where we are showcasing,  all this requires some serious  decision making and – when dealing with multiple artists – juggling some serious egos! Developing and maintaining relationships with other artists is imperative for us to continue to grow, and is just  as important to the relationship of student and teacher. We need to keep up to date with market, media  and consumer trends  just as both students and teachers must with  syllabus and curriculum†¦ nd indeed those same market, media and consumer trends. Change and adaption is incredibly  important as well, because without  it  you can't  move forward or stay fresh. To be a professional teacher you can't be a dictator,  but  more of great  artist  whose success is  drawn from the love of the craft,  nurturing the medium and understanding what the final masterpiece is meant to c onvey. In 2010 and beyond, our classrooms will transform into more of a technological teaching and learning environment. There are many new ways students can research information they need through resources such as the Internet. Teaching has also been altered, with the use of interactive whiteboards. To fulfil a professional role as a teacher, there are many different aspects to consider and behaviours to demonstrate. As role-models, these will pave the way for the students to become more professional themselves. It is important for a teacher to relate to each student in a professional manner. There are many ways to tutor students through advancements in technology such as the Internet, thus expanding the opportunities to be passed on to a new generation. Teachers should always teach with passion and a burning desire to touch hearts and change lives. Remember: it’s not just a job – it’s an honour. MOTIVATION and TEACHING STRATEGIES The description of motivation and the descriptions of the many various differing theoretical explanations for them are as follows†¦ The process of motivation itself is – simply put – starting towards a goal and keeping on the path until you achieve the goal. (Eggen and Kauchak 2010). An individual may well have different ideas in mind when achieving heir goals – whether they are moved by an extrinsic motivation (ie: the need to get there simply as a means to an end) or intrinsic motivation (doing it for the love of the subject) – the results are the same and both methods are valid. Admittedly, if you enjoy a subject it will give you more value as it will your teacher/s, but striving for that end result regardless will be an achievement. There are various theories of motivation, which shall be dealt with below. Through various cognitive theories, we know people really need to understand the world and their experiences to make sense of them and their place in that world. They can be as follows: Need for Self-Determination: this is where an individual feels the need to act on and control their environment to understand it – to have choices and to decide what they want to do. Praise, offers of help and other emotional factors can also be a part of self-determination. Need for Autonomy: here the individual feels the need to not only act on their environment, but to alter it to their way of thinking so that they can relate to it and learn more effectively. Need for Relatedness: this is where an individual feels the need for social connection and approval to facilitate their learning. Indeed, this factor is quite important as it fulfils the desire for approval and positive judging. Need to Preserve Self-Worth: simply put – this is the need to feel important – whether this is in a family group, friends, employment or any other social aspect – if we feel intelligent and important then our ability to learn likewise grows. Belief about future outcomes: This is a very personal part of learning and unique to each individual. The ability to guesstimate what the outcome of a project will be based upon your own knowledge of your capabilities will greatly influence your learning skills – the more you think you can, you will (Little Engine That Could – Watty Piper – 1930) Beliefs about Intelligence: the belief that you can or can NOT do a task will have a huge psychological impact upon your learning abilities. This can also be influenced by outside positive and negative feedback from others. Unless you are rock-solid positive you can do something despite negative criticism, that very criticism can undermine your belief in your own intelligence. The challenge is to find motivators for each and every student and use these to engage them in their education and learning. In terms of teaching and learning, motivation is the engagement that students have in their studies, and the efforts that they make to achieve their goals. Motivation can be split into two types, refer to Table 1. 1. Understanding student motivation is vital to the development of effective teaching strategies and necessary to discover different approaches to motivation and how these impact classroom decisions. pic] (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Table 1. 1 – Types of Motivation The behaviourist approach suggests that a student will gain a reward, either extrinsic or intrinsic, then the individual will be motivated to complete the task so as to receive it. From this we can determine that reward systems within the classroom can be used to increase student motivation, however Eggen and Kauchak (2010) stress that extrinsic rewards should be used to increase intri nsic motivation so as to promote learner independence. As teaching moves forward into 2010 and beyond, behaviourism is amongst the many learning theories in practice that is essential to good teaching. With diverse backgrounds and environmental factors, watching for the appropriate and inappropriate key behaviours in students is a complicated process in assuring desired behaviour is maintained. The cognitive approach suggests teachers should model how to claim responsibility for their success and failures, and should acknowledge that with additional effort past failures can be used as a learning tool. The Individuals’ Memory Stores play an important role, which contains the sensory memory to capture stimuli, working memory, phonological loop for words and sounds, and our visual-spatial sketch pad for our visual and spatial surroundings. All these various processes are active when we learn, and are fascinating examples of how the human mind operates. The humanist approach to motivation is dominated by the belief that all individuals have a number of needs that must be fulfilled (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010). These needs are categorised in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs outlined in figure 2. . The hierarchy suggests that if any of the lower level needs are not met then it is not possible for higher order ones to be fulfilled. Teachers must understand that these needs will not always be fulfilled within the home environment and various programs can be established to aid students when the home environment fails. [pic] (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Figure 2. 2 – Maslowsâ€⠄¢s Hierarch of Needs We must also remember that an integral aspect of motivation lies in aiming towards a particular achievement, or goal. A goal is an outcome that an individual is striving to achieve. Goals can be divided into four different types, see table 3. 3. [pic] (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Table 3. 3 – Types of Goals Classical conditioning is yet another form of learning that occurs when an individual produces an involuntary emotional or physiological response, similar to instinct or reflex (Pavlov, 1927). Figure 4. 4 (below) outlines the concepts in greater detail. [pic] (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Figure 4. 4 – Classical Conditioning Operant conditioning is where a response changes in frequency or duration as a result of a consequence (Skinner, 1953). This can be presented through either positive or negative reinforcement or through the presentation or removal of a punishment and shaping (Premack, 1965). Operant Conditioning can have a negative impact if used incorrectly, which can result in students not feeling safe, stressed and anxious about their environment. Constructivist Learning Theory is a theory that seems like common sense when you think about it, stating that learners create their own knowledge of topics they study as opposed to simply recording that information. Piaget 1952/ Vygotsky 1978). There are two primary perspectives for Constructivism: Cognitive Constructivism – focuses on internal construction of knowledge. Social Constructivism – focuses on constructing knowledge socially before internalising. Cognitive Apprenticeships is a process designed to places less able learners with more able ones to assist in developing their abilities. Peer-to-peer assistance provides many characteristics that assist learners through a new teaching experience. Some of these are modelling (watching demonstrations), scaffolding (being asked questions to prompt their learning), verbalisation (expressing their beliefs), increasing complexity (which does what the name implies) and exploration (finding new ways to use knowledge). This tool allows teachers to monitor other less able students, knowing that appropriate peer-to-peer learning is being undertaken with other less able students. The learning process of students will be influenced by many factors as you can see above. As they do, we need to keep a watchful eye on how they unfold. The challenge of teachers in 2010 and beyond is to find these motivators for each and every student and use them to engage them in education and learning. In the end, when teachers effectively motivate students their interest will increase along with their ability to learn. COMMITMENT and CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT When committing to creating a productive learning environment, the developmental stage of students should be considered. High-school students have different capabilities of primary-school students, so their classroom activities need to be more challenging (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010). Younger students are more responsive to concrete examples, while older students are capable of understanding theories and complex situations. If computer software is to be used in the classroom, it should be tailored to those stages of development. Younger students would require simple interfaces, less challenging problems, frequent feedback and recognition of achievement. Classroom management will also determine how effective the teaching is. Part of effective management is setting rules and procedures, and following them throughout the entire study period. The selection of topics attracts several issues. For the most part, teachers will be following a curriculum, but will prefer to place emphasis on particular sections of this framework. Their own personal knowledge and commitment, as well as the information that they deem important and useful, contributes to the various topics. There is also a need to plan how these topics will be delivered. Traditional instruction using lectures provides little interaction and feedback, so other strategies need to be looked at and implemented. The author Tony Newton intends to try and maintain a level of control using humour in much the same way his own third grade teachers did when he was young. Keeping in mind all the various technologies and ground rules that have to be in place, as well as students’ abilities and social interaction, (Maximizing the Time and Opportunity for Learning – Eggen and Kauchak, 2010 – pg 355) a classroom MUST be organised, arranged appropriately and personal. For Mr. Newton’s own class, he also firmly believe if kids have fun, they will learn more. Then we have Ability Grouping, being the practice of sorting students into groups of similar intelligence/ learning capabilities. We need to remember that if we begin segregating students early on, then those who are quicker cannot scaffold or mentor the slower ones up to speed. Social ramifications here are also dangerous where those smarter think they may be â€Å"better† than their less able peers†¦ and friendships can then also suffer. Tolerance and assistance must be cultivated to prevent these prejudices from booming out of proportion in later life. CONCLUSION The theories of learning and teaching covered above provide useful background information for new teachers entering the workforce. Situations that we encounter will be unique, though it is always beneficial to be prepared and plan for the journey ahead. Reviewing literature and applying some of these techniques can assist with understanding how people learn, different teaching methods, and the factors to consider when building a classroom. Moving forward into 2010, teachers are advised to consider these theories and incorporate many different levels of educational tools, through appropriate modes, that assist in developing the students’ learning construction. Although we do not know what classrooms will be like in the future, this is something that we actually determine ourselves. When we are first starting out, we will need to create our own style and approach, making up our own rules. Although teachers are expected to give instruction, it is still a learning experience. Thankfully there are a lot of resources at our disposal. Remember to keep improving our teaching craft, and we will be able to adapt to the demands of classrooms in 2010 and beyond. Reference List Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations on Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Borko, H. , and Putnam R. (1996). Handbook of educational psychology. Macmillan; United States of America. Eggen, P. , and Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows On Classrooms (8th ed. ). In H. Gardner, and S. Moran, The Science of Multiple Intelligences Theory. United States of America: Pearson International. Mayer, R. , (2002). Teaching of subject matter. Annual review of psychology,55, 715-744. Pavlov,  I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes translated by G V Anrep. Oxford University Press, London, England. Piaget, J. (1977). Problems in quilibration. In M. Appel, and L. Goldberg, Topics in cognitive development: Vol. 1. Equilibration: Theory, research, and application. New York: Plenum Press. Premack, D. 1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine (Ed. ), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 13, pp. 3-41). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York. Macmillan. Woolfolk, A. , and Margetts,K. (2007). Educational psychology. Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education Australia. Vinesh Chandra and Darrell L. Fisher (2009). Students' Perceptions of a Blended Web-Ba sed Learning. Environment. Learning Environ Res. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. The Little Engine That Could – Watty Piper – 1930

Columbine Shooting

Most people woke up to a day like any other except two teenagers, Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris. They took guns with them to their school, Columbine High School, stood at the west entrance ready to shoot students. Thirteen people where killed by this incident and twenty were hurt. Then Dylan and Eric killed themselves, leaving us with the mystery of why they had done what they did. Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris were teenagers who worked In a pizza parlor together.They were involved In sports In middle school but not In high school. Dylan and Eric were part of a group of kids that dressed Goth. Other kids considered them â€Å"uncoil†. They had been planning the Columbine shooting for almost a year. We sometimes try to look for someone to blame. In this case more than one person could have contributed to these actions. Dylan and Erie's parents could have paved more attention to how they were acting, looked In their room, or sat down and talked to them. There were probably kids that would make fun of Dylan and Eric.Also the searchers could have noticed something such as if they were not getting good grades. Any one of these could have preventing this massacre from happening. What many people don't understand is why this happened. But we may never know this because the answer disappeared when Dylan and Eric killed themselves. Professionals have studied the situation. What some people think happened was Eric killed out of anger and a wish to live alone and Dylan killed out of depression and did not feel loved. They also might have done it for revenge of being judged and treated badly by other students.There are a lot of movies, books, television shows, and video games that show violence with guns and people dying. The amount of violence in the media makes some people act more violent towards others. The more violence they see, the more they may feel like it is all right to hurt others. People should limit the amount of time they spend on games and shows with violent content so that they do not get violent urges to hurt others. There is an old saying that it takes a village to raise a child. Not only should the parents raise a child, but also other members of society should help influence kids in positive manner.Teachers should have stepped in if they saw bad behavior from these boys or from other kids picking on these kids. If other students noticed negative things going on with these boys then they should have reported It. We all have to help to make our world a better place. The Columbine Shooting had a very big Impact on society. It changed the school security forever. Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris may have had different views on society and different motives but they had the same desire to do something self- satisfying and die that same day. Fifteen year later people are still trying to find answers.Columbine Shooting By gazillion At 1 1 on April 20, 1999 one of the worst tragedies involving kids occurred in Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris were teenagers who worked in a pizza parlor together. They were involved in sports in middle school but not in high school. Dylan attention to how they were acting, looked in their room, or sat down and talked to not feel loved. They also might have done it for revenge of being Judged and treated negative things going on with these boys then they should have reported it. We all The Columbine Shooting had a very big impact on society.

Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report Essay Example

Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report Essay Example Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report Paper Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report Paper Osmosis is the usage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi. Permeable membrane (Semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material which allow some things to pass through them but prevent other things from passing through,) to a region of low water concentration, This is seen in cell membranes. When there is a higher concentration tot one type of molecule outside of a cell, water will move through a membrane out of the cell in order to make the water concentrations equal. This causes the cell to shrink (hypersonic). If the concentration of certain molecules is higher inside of the cell, then the eater will move into the cell causing it to swell (hypotonic). When the molecule concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane, water does not move (isotonic). In the human body, many salts and enzymes help to regulate a cells state and the processes necessary for the human body to function such as potassium and calcium channels in the heart. These functions are carried out by having constant changes in concentration Of molecules from one side Of the membrane to another. Cell membranes will allow small molecules like oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, glucose, amino acids, etc. To pass through. Cell membranes will not allow larger molecules like sucrose, starch, protein, etc. , to pass through. Problem Statement(s): What is the movement of material through a semi- permeable membrane? (Activity 1) What is the osmotic effect of varying sucrose solutions on the physical characteristics of a potato core? Activity 2) Vocabulary: cell, cell membrane, permeable, diffusion, semi-permeable membrane, osmosis, hypersonic, hypotonic, isotonic Materials (per group): Activity I Zipper bag ; liquid starch forceps ; beaker (500 ml) ; water ; Iodine (Logos solution) Activity 2 razor ; potato ; ruler ; balance ; graduated cylinder distilled water ; sucrose solution dissecting needle ; beaker aluminum foil Procedures: Activity 1: Diffu sion through a semi-permeable membrane. I _ Get a small plastic zip-top bag, a cup of liquid starch, a forceps and a large container of water to which a few drops of iodine solution has been added. Be careful with container and do not get the iodine solution on your skin. It will stain. 2. Place liquid starch in plastic bag and securely zip the top closed. Record observations Of the color Of the starch and the water in the container. . Place bag with starch into the iodine/water solution. Let it sit while you go on to Activity 2. 4. Observe and record the changes over time to both the iodine/water solution and the starch in the bag. You will need to carefully lift the bag part way out of the water with a forceps to observe. Then lower the bag back into the water and return the container as directed by the teacher. Activity 2: Potato Osmosis 1. Using the razor, carefully cut each potato core into a cylinder of about three to five centimeters in length, Make sure that all of the potato cores are the same Engel and note this length for later use. Also measure and record the diameter of each potato core. . Using the balance, measure and record the mass of each potato core. 3. Fill the graduated cylinder with tap water two-thirds tot the way up, Measure and record the volume of water in the graduated cylinder, Attach each potato core, one at a time, to the end of the dissecting needle and hold it so that the potato core is completely submerged in the water. Measure and record the water level in the cylinder. The diff erence in your two measurements is the volume of the potato core. _ Place one potato core in the beaker faith distilled water and label this beaker 100.

Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Example

Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Example Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Inside the agreement it also includes supply and implementation of GAPS technology from Yahoo. In 2005, the network coverage Is expanding till Karakas area which means that Dig will acquire a big market besides In west Malaysia market only. Dig team up with Mbabane to Introduce new services which Is customer of Mbabane can reload or register their repaid phone through maybug. Com In 2006. In year 2009, the company owned Pay By Mobile Sad. Bad. ND cooperate with Microsoft to offer Windows Live Messenger to Dig subscribers. 1. 2 Telecoms Malaysia Bertha Telecoms Malaysia (TM) is one of the mighty companies in telecommunication industry in Malaysia which transfer from Cabana Telecoms Malaysia and in 1987 become first Malaysian private company. In 2001, TM has launch CDMA which is code division multiple access technology broadband and Blueberry. Com. After two years later TM merge with Cellos thus become the largest cellular operator in Malaysia. Between year 2005 till 2009, the company has form many agreements with others International company and also set up or Invest In different countries such as acquired Exclamation (XSL) in 2005 which is owned subsidiary in Indonesia. After TM group sold 3. 2% of its share in Dialog in 2007, TM was formed a strategic alliance with Macomb Group Embank and MS to leverage and strengths to widen their distribution network. So in 2008, TM is decided Demeter its mobile and fixed businesses into two entitles. Because of De-merger mobile operation as a separate public listed company in Malaysia as Telecoms Malaysia International (TWO). The most recent project in TM is the company launches HASH which is High Speed Broadband in few areas such as Appear, Skeletal, Perils, Asked and Niger Seminal. 2. 0 The Industry Analysis Overview of telecommunication Industry In Malaysia Is highly competitive and this Industry Is said to be one of the fastest growing Industry In Malaysia. Telecommunication industry can be characterized as a fruitful and profitable Industry Owe to ten Toweling. PORTAL s five competitive forces 2. 1 Threat of the new entrants: Telecommunication industry is considered as a profitable industry is due to the high entry barriers created by government to this industry. Entry barriers reduce the rate of entry of new firms, thus maintaining a level of profits for those already in the industry. In this industry, the Government has taken steps to introduce managed competition in the industry by offering various telecommunications licenses. To date, the Government has awarded only eight mobile licenses to operators in Malaysia. For example: Telecoms Malaysia had a virtual monopoly on telecommunications services in Malaysia 2. Rivalry among existing firms: Profitability of the industry also affected greatly by the intensity of competition among existing firms in the industry. Telecommunication industry consists of only several mobile operators such as TM, Maxis, Dig due to the entry restriction that imposed by the government. Therefore, rivalry among Competitors Telecommunication industry in Malaysia is oligopoly structure nowadays and the level of competition in this particular industry is said to be low one. 2. 3 Threat of substitute product: Another force that directly affected the profitability of an industry is the threat of bustiest product. In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. Substitute product is the product or services that is different from the existing product/services but serves the similar needs. Products and services from non-traditional telecoms industries pose serious substitution threats. Cable TV and satellite operators now compete for buyers. Besides that, the substitute product for the mobile services in telecommunication also included fax, email or even letter. A threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. This threat is said to be a weak one because these substitute products such as letter or e-mail are unable to fulfill or completely replace the mobile services. 2. 4 Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of buyers is another force that affected the profitability in telecommunication industry. The buyers in this industry are all services customer and said to have low bargaining power to the services provider. This is because Tm is the sole provider of fixed line telephone services in Malaysia, other mobile operator such as Dig , Maxis, Cellos account for approximately 85% of mobile services in Malaysia. As a result, this contributes to concentration of the buyers industry. Besides this, the buyers have high switching cost in this industry. As a result, the industry is more profitable when the buyers have low bargaining power (indicating that the buyers are unable to affect the setting of prices in the industry). 2. 5 Bargaining power of suppliers The last determinant of profitability in telecommunication industry is bargaining power of suppliers. The suppliers in this industry can be the suppliers of raw materials/component such as cable, broadband equipment, mobile handset, and software.

Management Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Appreciation - Essay Example The individual and team workers making up the functional departments get instructions from the supervisors heading a given task. The supervisors obtain detailed instructions from the department manager concerning the actions to be taken. A Matrix Structure PRESIDENT MANUFACTURING MARKETING PROCUREMENT FINANCE PRODUCT A PRODUCT B PRODUCT C One of a limited public company is Radient Pharmaceuticals Corporation, pharmaceuticals, and Biotechnology Company in the United States. This company operates with a matrix organizational structure. Matrix structure is the commonly used because of its advantages over other structures as argued by Baltes (2004 p.142). This structure works well for those companies operating in a dynamic business environment, like drugs and technological organization. Within Radient Corporation has categorized its personnel into both functional and product departments. A president, who is also the organization’s chief executive officer, heads the company. The ne xt rank of its management structure comprises of functional categories. These include the manufacturing department, finance department, human resource, procurement, research, development, and the marketing department. The next category comprises of product departments. This category is in the same rank with the functional departments. ... The different departments will coordinate their processes together in an effort to accomplish any goal. Within the team, each individual is assigned a distinctive role together with the expected results. Each team ought to complete their task within the given timeframe, after which the team leader will present the report to the relevant department manager. Based on this style of functioning, it is clear that Radient Corporation practices the task culture. The style of operation conforms to the Handy’s task culture, which defines it as a team-based result oriented culture. Matrix structure ensures effective integration of all the human resources of any given institution. It allows all the personnel to share ideas, hence improving performance and service delivery within a company. In matrix structure, the chain of command and lines of communication allows information to flow in a formal manner. This facilitates efficient sharing of information throughout the company. In addition , the task-teams result oriented culture facilitates motivation among the workers. Within a task team, each worker is assigned a role to play. The individual is expected to perform as per the set standards. This culture increases the aspect of accountability, hence increasing motivation and attitude among employees. Giunipero et al (2008) asserts that, business performance associated with Radient Corporation can be attributed to its management structure and work culture. The culture and the structure enhance a flexible working environment, hence improving the process of research and development within the company. One of the major factors that might affect Radient involves restrictions from authorities. This may affect the smooth management of the company, hence

Electrical Health & Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Electrical Health & Safety - Essay Example There are a number of hazards faced during the usage of electricity. The following ones are important. Human body is an electrical conductor and electricity can flow through human body. If any of the materials or equipment using electricity is improperly handled, then it could cause a shock to the person operating it. This in turn, could lead to burn injuries; sometimes even death. Electricity, instead of flowing through human beings if it flows through material, then it could cause burning of the material if it has a higher resistance and is not rated to carry the current that is flowing through it now. In this case, there could be fire accidents in the place that could cause damage and loss of property. Electricity could cause fire accidents. Therefore, we can classify the loss caused by electricity into two; one, damage to personnel and two, loss to property. In either case, it is one of the following hazards that cause such happenings. 1. Ungrounded Equipment: Electricity always flows through the path of least resistance. For that matter, anything that flows always takes the path of least resistance. ... Instead if the equipment is ungrounded, then it becomes dangerous to the operators if there is a short circuit in the system. 2. Overloading : One of the major causes for short circuits is the overloading of the outlets at home or in the office. This could also happen when there is an instrument or an equipment that is running with out anybody attending to it and should there be an overload due to some internal problem in the machine, then the overload could make the equipment burn. This could cause loss to the property. Therefore, it is very important that overloading of the equipment does not occur. 3. Unsafe Equipment: There are equipments that are not made to any specific standards and are not clearly tested as well. When these equipments are used, it is possible that these equipments could cause overloading or could also cause short circuit that could lead to break of service as well could turn out to be hazardous to people using the equipment. This could also be cables and cords that are running in the office which are not to the standards and when there is a higher current is drawn might cause a break down of the cable resulting in failures. 4. Unguarded or Open Live Parts: Open live parts might be present in the office or in the factory that is considered as the most dangerous electrical situation. Similarly, plugs getting pulled out to stop supply to equipment are also not a good practice since this could cause sparking at the time of pulling out and the plug contacts are not made for this kind of breaking sparks. Working on live equipment is another major flaw of similar nature. This can happen when say, a motor which is running is to be repaired and the

Two World Wars of the 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two World Wars of the 20th Century - Essay Example As the report declares World War I was immediately triggered by the assassination of the Crown Prince to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Serbia wanted to be independent from Austria-Hungary and saw the assassination as a way to put their message across. When Austria-Hungary and its German ally attacked Serbia in retaliation, the latter’s Russian ally came to the rescue together with their allies Britain and France. World War II was like a continuation of the unfinished business of World War I where Germany aimed at strengthening its hold on Europe by having a large Empire under its control. Its ambition for world domination thwarted by their loss in 1918, Germany began building up its armed forces and its military power under the guidance of misguided politicians with grand ambitions. This paper stresses that both wars featured heavy casualties because of the use of technology. While the wars in previous centuries were marked by battles of mass troop formations, the two world wars became the laboratory for weapons of mass destruction in the form of poison chemical gases, landmines, explosive projectiles that were created to inflict death or serious injury from remote locations, armored vehicles that could carry troops and ammunitions across great distances, and in Japan in 1945, the use of atomic weapons that claimed many civilian casualties and that flattened two cities. World War I affected a few countries, mostly in Europe. On the side of the Allies were Britain, France, and Russia, but there were troops from the United States, Australia, northern Africa, and Eastern Europe. The Axis powers were Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy. World War II affected more countries with the entry of Japan as one of the Axis powers carrying the war to island nations in the Pacific and the Asian continent. The impact on world

On Henrik Ibsen’s Nora in a “Doll’s House” Essay Example for Free

On Henrik Ibsen’s Nora in a â€Å"Doll’s House† Essay Henrik Ibsen displays the effect of society’s standard on an ideal family through the interesting characters in his play. Its story lingers on the loveless marriage of Nora and Torvald, and the lives of the supporting characters of the play as they portray society’s take on sexual prejudice and the role it plays on the family unit. Moreover, the story brings out a message that people are not always what they seem on the outside and on first encounters. In the Laws of Morality as presented by Ibsen, individuals had different dilemmas such that a character was developed and recognized in accordance to how he/she deals with it. An individual’s character is not inherited and thus, developed by personal endeavors or one’s own exertion. In today’s community, morality is typically focused on institutions rather than individuals; however the two are inextricably linked. Respect for an individual’s freedom and identity is necessary to sustain mental saneness which is more likely to protect individual freedoms. One such significant character in the play is the protagonist, Nora. Initially, she is introduced in the play as a somewhat childish and submissive wife of the Helmer household. Nora’s husband who constantly refers to her as his â€Å"little squirrel† (Ibsen) or â€Å"skylark† (Ibsen) is constantly implying and enforcing his views of a proper wife on her. This in turn makes the audience think that Nora is a highly dependent wife who relies on her husband’s approval. As the play progresses, Nora displays a rather courageous feat that she has hidden from her family. She had in the past associated with Krogstad on committing fraud to find finances needed in the rehabilitation of her husband’s poor health. To pay for the debts, she works secretly to ensure this. Nora is thrown into a traumatic chaos when Krogstad threatens to reveal their crime in exchange for a favor. She is further set off balance when her husband’s reaction turns out to be the complete opposite of what she hoped for. This circumstance makes her realize the disillusions she had of her marriage and that she has yet to find her true self as an independent being. Having lived an overly protected life under the care of her father and then her husband, she comes to understand that she is living not the life that she wants but of what they have imposed on her. The play ends with Nora leaving her family to embark on a mission to rediscover what she has truly wanted for herself all along. Psychological Effect Due to Unacceptance Nora is first seen as a person who is happy and contented to be the loyal wife and doting mother. While trying to meet the demands of what the society and her husband refers to a proper wife, she deliberately tries to rebel in small ways by lying to her husband about small matters such as eating sweets. Lying on such small things is seen to be psychologically disturbing for Nora, since all things she does seemed to be disapproved by her husband. She later realizes that she was never fully happy and contented living the life that others have arranged for her. Her personal foundation is being individually attached to the community having different cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences compared to hers such that, most of her decisions, likes and dislikes were greatly affected and influenced by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around her. During the span of her marriage life, she wasn’t allowed and therefore feared to practice her true individual character. Though freedom is something an individual enjoys and is the absence of oppression, it should be practiced that where there is freedom, there is responsibility. This put her in a state of initially accepting her state of living, thus, accomplishing what the community around her believes as a rightful wife to Torvald. However, she discovers that she has been living a lie, hiding the other side of her true personality to the people who were supposed to be her family. Her husband, who she trusted to respond in her honor broke her trust and was more worried on how other people would see the family if they were to know of the crime that she has committed. Freedom is described as rights to personal security, personal expression, and political participation and it is in this respect, that Nora’s freedom of expression of was limited. The Doll in Distress Finding out that she has lost an important part of herself in an empty marriage is a distressing trauma that a lot of people like her deal with. She feels like she has lived an almost empty life as Torvald’s doll and that all her efforts for her husband to appreciate and understand her have proved to be useless. She had lived a life of a doll, where she does what she was told inside the doll house. The shelter that she once considered her home is such a doll house where there are to emotions living and even lingering inside her doll family. Given the traumatic experiences that she has experienced, there is a possibility that she will encounter depression. Moreover, these bouts of depression can lead to possible mental disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. We have take note that when she decided to leave her husband, she surmised that their children were better off with their father and not with her. This already tells us that she has also lost her confidence as a good mother to her children. Due to her depressing state, she had taken of towards her freedom, leaving of the great responsibility of being a mother behind her. Such confidence of being a good mother was destroyed due to her situation, carrying her battered morale and vanishing self esteem with her. Leaving the Doll House As Nora breaks out and breaks free from the emotionless house, there is sense of strong will to be, putting a great effort of almost forgetting the family and life she had been attached to for years. In Ibsen’s plot, she placed Nora of having acquired a sense of free willingness by letting go a huge part of her life. In the last part of the play, Nora developed the free willingness to make a big step towards recognizing an emotion that is happening to her and being aware of its effect around her. Tuning in and being aware to her every emotion or feelings makes her manage them enabling her to be confident in her worth and capabilities. Being aware of her self makes her confidently use her abilities. Being aware of ones self and emotions makes her a free willed person. Henrick Ibsen finally ended the play with a display of triumph on Nora’s side, being able to show her true individuality despite of Torvald’s disapproval and concern of the reaction of the community around them, which is in great contrast of the true story where the husband had demanded for a divorce and Nora, who was mentally and emotionally agitated, had a nervous breakdown and confined in a mental institution. Conclusion For sheltered people like Nora, breaking out of their safe zone and embarking on a new environment is a terrifying endeavor. They are more vulnerable to fallbacks because being independent is something that they will have to learn for themselves for the first time on their own. Coping up with stress is harder when a person is unaided. Although she has displayed a great deal of courage by clearly defying the wishes of her husband and leaving altogether the household it is therefore inevitable an emotional pit. It is therefore important that although she has decided to leave the household to be independent, she should be in a place where close acquaintances are available for her emotional support system. In these day and age, support systems in the mental health department are already accessible. Compared to the olden days, it is no longer a taboo issue when one seeks a psychiatrist’s help to clear one’s mindset and consult professionals on how to healthily cope up with stress. People who had experiences like Nora then should not hesitate to consult these services if ever they feel that they need it. More importantly, it is essential that they surround themselves with people who know their plight and not isolate themselves. Individuals are important members of a community for a single community is a composition of different individuals. Being individuals of one community, we are now evolving in a community with different likes, dislikes, culture and tradition. The Helmer’s personal foundation is being individually attached to the community of the same cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences, thus, most of their decisions, likes and dislikes, their way of living were affected by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around them. So even if an individual is a part of a community, there is a big difference between an individual and a member of a community. In a lonely Doll World, it is therefore important by having an awareness of using our abilities to bring optimum results by understanding others as an individual and try out for better ways rather than stereotyping. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius. 29 March 2005. The Project Gutenberg. 14 April 2007 http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15492/15492-h/15492-h. htm